diff --git a/backend/db/schema.sql b/backend/db/schema.sql
index 5dd8e6d..2d30436 100644
--- a/backend/db/schema.sql
+++ b/backend/db/schema.sql
@@ -48,23 +48,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS acquisition_methods (
   name text NOT NULL UNIQUE
 );
 
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS recipes (
-  id integer GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
-  name text NOT NULL UNIQUE
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS recipe_acquisition_methods (
-  recipe_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES recipes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-  acquisition_method_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES acquisition_methods(id),
-  PRIMARY KEY (recipe_id, acquisition_method_id)
-);
-
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS items (
   id integer GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
   name text NOT NULL UNIQUE,
   category_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES item_categories(id),
   usage_id integer REFERENCES item_usages(id),
-  recipe_id integer REFERENCES recipes(id),
   dyeable boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
   dual_dyeable boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
   pattern_editable boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false
@@ -72,6 +60,49 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS items (
 
 ALTER TABLE items ALTER COLUMN usage_id DROP NOT NULL;
 
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS recipes (
+  id integer GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  item_id integer NOT NULL UNIQUE REFERENCES items(id)
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE recipes ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS item_id integer REFERENCES items(id);
+
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+  IF EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1
+    FROM information_schema.columns
+    WHERE table_name = 'items'
+      AND column_name = 'recipe_id'
+  ) THEN
+    EXECUTE '
+      UPDATE recipes r
+      SET item_id = linked.item_id
+      FROM (
+        SELECT DISTINCT ON (recipe_id) recipe_id, id AS item_id
+        FROM items
+        WHERE recipe_id IS NOT NULL
+        ORDER BY recipe_id, id
+      ) linked
+      WHERE r.id = linked.recipe_id
+        AND r.item_id IS NULL
+    ';
+  END IF;
+END $$;
+
+DELETE FROM recipes WHERE item_id IS NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE recipes ALTER COLUMN item_id SET NOT NULL;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS recipes_item_id_key ON recipes(item_id);
+ALTER TABLE recipes DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS name;
+ALTER TABLE items DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS recipe_id;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS recipe_acquisition_methods (
+  recipe_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES recipes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  acquisition_method_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES acquisition_methods(id),
+  PRIMARY KEY (recipe_id, acquisition_method_id)
+);
+
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS item_item_tags;
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS item_tags;
 
diff --git a/backend/src/queries.ts b/backend/src/queries.ts
index ed76fb1..a0f67a3 100644
--- a/backend/src/queries.ts
+++ b/backend/src/queries.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ type ItemPayload = {
   name: string;
   categoryId: number;
   usageId: number | null;
-  recipeId: number | null;
   dyeable: boolean;
   dualDyeable: boolean;
   patternEditable: boolean;
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ type ItemPayload = {
 };
 
 type RecipePayload = {
-  name: string;
+  itemId: number;
   acquisitionMethodIds: number[];
   materials: IdQuantity[];
 };
@@ -649,7 +648,7 @@ export async function getItem(id: number) {
       `
         SELECT
           r.id,
-          r.name,
+          result_item.name,
           COALESCE((
             SELECT json_agg(json_build_object('id', am.id, 'name', am.name) ORDER BY am.name)
             FROM recipe_acquisition_methods ram
@@ -661,10 +660,11 @@ export async function getItem(id: number) {
             FROM recipe_materials rm
             JOIN items mi ON mi.id = rm.item_id
             WHERE rm.recipe_id = r.id
-          ), '[]'::json) AS materials
-        FROM items i
-        JOIN recipes r ON r.id = i.recipe_id
-        WHERE i.id = $1
+          ), '[]'::json) AS materials,
+          json_build_object('id', result_item.id, 'name', result_item.name) AS item
+        FROM recipes r
+        JOIN items result_item ON result_item.id = r.item_id
+        WHERE r.item_id = $1
       `,
       [id]
     ),
@@ -684,9 +684,6 @@ export async function getItem(id: number) {
 }
 
 function cleanItemPayload(payload: Record<string, unknown>): ItemPayload {
-  const recipeId = payload.recipeId === null || payload.recipeId === '' || payload.recipeId === undefined
-    ? null
-    : requirePositiveInteger(payload.recipeId, '请选择材料单');
   const usageId = payload.usageId === null || payload.usageId === '' || payload.usageId === undefined
     ? null
     : requirePositiveInteger(payload.usageId, '请选择用途');
@@ -695,7 +692,6 @@ function cleanItemPayload(payload: Record<string, unknown>): ItemPayload {
     name: cleanName(payload.name, '请输入物品名字'),
     categoryId: requirePositiveInteger(payload.categoryId, '请选择分类'),
     usageId,
-    recipeId,
     dyeable: Boolean(payload.dyeable),
     dualDyeable: Boolean(payload.dualDyeable),
     patternEditable: Boolean(payload.patternEditable),
@@ -729,15 +725,14 @@ export async function createItem(payload: Record<string, unknown>) {
   const id = await withTransaction(async (client) => {
     const result = await client.query<{ id: number }>(
       `
-        INSERT INTO items (name, category_id, usage_id, recipe_id, dyeable, dual_dyeable, pattern_editable)
-        VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7)
+        INSERT INTO items (name, category_id, usage_id, dyeable, dual_dyeable, pattern_editable)
+        VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)
         RETURNING id
       `,
       [
         cleanPayload.name,
         cleanPayload.categoryId,
         cleanPayload.usageId,
-        cleanPayload.recipeId,
         cleanPayload.dyeable,
         cleanPayload.dualDyeable,
         cleanPayload.patternEditable
@@ -760,17 +755,15 @@ export async function updateItem(id: number, payload: Record<string, unknown>) {
         SET name = $1,
             category_id = $2,
             usage_id = $3,
-            recipe_id = $4,
-            dyeable = $5,
-            dual_dyeable = $6,
-            pattern_editable = $7
-        WHERE id = $8
+            dyeable = $4,
+            dual_dyeable = $5,
+            pattern_editable = $6
+        WHERE id = $7
       `,
       [
         cleanPayload.name,
         cleanPayload.categoryId,
         cleanPayload.usageId,
-        cleanPayload.recipeId,
         cleanPayload.dyeable,
         cleanPayload.dualDyeable,
         cleanPayload.patternEditable,
@@ -795,7 +788,7 @@ export async function listRecipes() {
   return query(`
     SELECT
       r.id,
-      r.name,
+      result_item.name,
       COALESCE((
         SELECT json_agg(json_build_object('id', i.id, 'name', i.name, 'quantity', rm.quantity) ORDER BY i.name)
         FROM recipe_materials rm
@@ -803,7 +796,8 @@ export async function listRecipes() {
         WHERE rm.recipe_id = r.id
       ), '[]'::json) AS materials
     FROM recipes r
-    ORDER BY r.name
+    JOIN items result_item ON result_item.id = r.item_id
+    ORDER BY result_item.name
   `);
 }
 
@@ -812,7 +806,7 @@ export async function getRecipe(id: number) {
     `
       SELECT
         r.id,
-        r.name,
+        result_item.name,
         COALESCE((
           SELECT json_agg(json_build_object('id', am.id, 'name', am.name) ORDER BY am.name)
           FROM recipe_acquisition_methods ram
@@ -824,8 +818,10 @@ export async function getRecipe(id: number) {
           FROM recipe_materials rm
           JOIN items i ON i.id = rm.item_id
           WHERE rm.recipe_id = r.id
-        ), '[]'::json) AS materials
+        ), '[]'::json) AS materials,
+        json_build_object('id', result_item.id, 'name', result_item.name) AS item
       FROM recipes r
+      JOIN items result_item ON result_item.id = r.item_id
       WHERE r.id = $1
     `,
     [id]
@@ -834,7 +830,7 @@ export async function getRecipe(id: number) {
 
 function cleanRecipePayload(payload: Record<string, unknown>): RecipePayload {
   return {
-    name: cleanName(payload.name, '请输入材料单名字'),
+    itemId: requirePositiveInteger(payload.itemId, '请选择物品'),
     acquisitionMethodIds: cleanIds(payload.acquisitionMethodIds),
     materials: cleanQuantities(payload.materials)
   };
@@ -860,12 +856,20 @@ async function replaceRecipeRelations(client: DbClient, recipeId: number, payloa
   }
 }
 
+async function ensureItemExists(client: DbClient, itemId: number): Promise<void> {
+  const result = await client.query('SELECT 1 FROM items WHERE id = $1', [itemId]);
+  if (result.rowCount === 0) {
+    throw validationError('请选择物品');
+  }
+}
+
 export async function createRecipe(payload: Record<string, unknown>) {
   const cleanPayload = cleanRecipePayload(payload);
 
   const id = await withTransaction(async (client) => {
-    const result = await client.query<{ id: number }>('INSERT INTO recipes (name) VALUES ($1) RETURNING id', [
-      cleanPayload.name
+    await ensureItemExists(client, cleanPayload.itemId);
+    const result = await client.query<{ id: number }>('INSERT INTO recipes (item_id) VALUES ($1) RETURNING id', [
+      cleanPayload.itemId
     ]);
     const recipeId = result.rows[0].id;
     await replaceRecipeRelations(client, recipeId, cleanPayload);
@@ -878,7 +882,8 @@ export async function updateRecipe(id: number, payload: Record<string, unknown>)
   const cleanPayload = cleanRecipePayload(payload);
 
   const updated = await withTransaction(async (client) => {
-    const result = await client.query('UPDATE recipes SET name = $1 WHERE id = $2', [cleanPayload.name, id]);
+    await ensureItemExists(client, cleanPayload.itemId);
+    const result = await client.query('UPDATE recipes SET item_id = $1 WHERE id = $2', [cleanPayload.itemId, id]);
     if (result.rowCount === 0) {
       return false;
     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/services/api.ts b/frontend/src/services/api.ts
index d36baca..d9300e3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/services/api.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/services/api.ts
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ export interface Recipe {
 
 export interface RecipeDetail extends Recipe {
   acquisition_methods: NamedEntity[];
+  item: NamedEntity;
 }
 
 export interface Options {
@@ -105,7 +106,6 @@ export interface ItemPayload {
   name: string;
   categoryId: number;
   usageId: number | null;
-  recipeId: number | null;
   dyeable: boolean;
   dualDyeable: boolean;
   patternEditable: boolean;
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ export interface ItemPayload {
 }
 
 export interface RecipePayload {
-  name: string;
+  itemId: number;
   acquisitionMethodIds: number[];
   materials: Array<{ itemId: number; quantity: number }>;
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/AdminView.vue b/frontend/src/views/AdminView.vue
index 336bb53..a29c38c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/AdminView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/AdminView.vue
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ const itemForm = ref({
   name: '',
   categoryId: '',
   usageId: '',
-  recipeId: '',
   dyeable: false,
   dualDyeable: false,
   patternEditable: false,
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ const itemForm = ref({
 });
 const recipeForm = ref({
   id: 0,
-  name: '',
+  itemId: '',
   acquisitionMethodIds: [] as string[],
   materials: [] as Array<{ itemId: string; quantity: number }>
 });
@@ -255,7 +254,6 @@ function resetItemForm() {
     name: '',
     categoryId: '',
     usageId: '',
-    recipeId: '',
     dyeable: false,
     dualDyeable: false,
     patternEditable: false,
@@ -272,7 +270,6 @@ async function editItem(item: Item) {
       name: detail.name,
       categoryId: String(detail.category.id),
       usageId: detail.usage ? String(detail.usage.id) : '',
-      recipeId: detail.recipe ? String(detail.recipe.id) : '',
       dyeable: detail.customization.dyeable,
       dualDyeable: detail.customization.dualDyeable,
       patternEditable: detail.customization.patternEditable,
@@ -288,7 +285,6 @@ async function saveItem() {
       name: itemForm.value.name,
       categoryId: Number(itemForm.value.categoryId),
       usageId: itemForm.value.usageId ? Number(itemForm.value.usageId) : null,
-      recipeId: itemForm.value.recipeId ? Number(itemForm.value.recipeId) : null,
       dyeable: itemForm.value.dyeable,
       dualDyeable: itemForm.value.dualDyeable,
       patternEditable: itemForm.value.patternEditable,
@@ -313,7 +309,7 @@ async function removeItem(id: number) {
 }
 
 function resetRecipeForm() {
-  recipeForm.value = { id: 0, name: '', acquisitionMethodIds: [], materials: [] };
+  recipeForm.value = { id: 0, itemId: '', acquisitionMethodIds: [], materials: [] };
 }
 
 function addRecipeMaterial() {
@@ -325,7 +321,7 @@ async function editRecipe(item: Recipe) {
     const detail = await api.recipeDetail(item.id);
     recipeForm.value = {
       id: detail.id,
-      name: detail.name,
+      itemId: String(detail.item.id),
       acquisitionMethodIds: detail.acquisition_methods.map((method) => String(method.id)),
       materials: detail.materials.map((material) => ({ itemId: String(material.id), quantity: material.quantity }))
     };
@@ -335,7 +331,7 @@ async function editRecipe(item: Recipe) {
 async function saveRecipe() {
   await run(async () => {
     const payload: RecipePayload = {
-      name: recipeForm.value.name,
+      itemId: Number(recipeForm.value.itemId),
       acquisitionMethodIds: toIds(recipeForm.value.acquisitionMethodIds),
       materials: toQuantityRows(recipeForm.value.materials)
     };
@@ -345,7 +341,7 @@ async function saveRecipe() {
       await api.createRecipe(payload);
     }
     resetRecipeForm();
-    await loadRecipes();
+    await Promise.all([loadRecipes(), loadItems()]);
   });
 }
 
@@ -576,13 +572,6 @@ onMounted(() => {
             <option v-for="item in options.itemUsages" :key="item.id" :value="item.id">{{ item.name }}</option>
           </select>
         </div>
-        <div class="field">
-          <label for="item-recipe">材料单</label>
-          <select id="item-recipe" v-model="itemForm.recipeId">
-            <option value="">无</option>
-            <option v-for="item in recipeRows" :key="item.id" :value="item.id">{{ item.name }}</option>
-          </select>
-        </div>
         <div class="check-row">
           <label><input v-model="itemForm.dyeable" type="checkbox" /> 可染色</label>
           <label><input v-model="itemForm.dualDyeable" type="checkbox" /> 可双区染色</label>
@@ -635,7 +624,13 @@ onMounted(() => {
     <section v-if="activeTab === 'recipes' && options" class="admin-layout">
       <form class="detail-section" @submit.prevent="saveRecipe">
         <h2>材料单</h2>
-        <div class="field"><label for="recipe-name">名称</label><input id="recipe-name" v-model="recipeForm.name" /></div>
+        <div class="field">
+          <label for="recipe-item">物品</label>
+          <select id="recipe-item" v-model="recipeForm.itemId">
+            <option value="">请选择</option>
+            <option v-for="item in itemRows" :key="item.id" :value="String(item.id)">{{ item.name }}</option>
+          </select>
+        </div>
         <div class="field">
           <label for="recipe-methods">入手方式</label>
           <TagsSelect